AGRO- CLIMATIC ZONES OF INDIA

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                Agro- climatic zones of India 
        The country has been divided into 15 agro climatic regions according to homogeneity in agro-characteristics such as soil , topography , rainfall , temperature , cropping and farming systems and water resources .

1. Western Himalayan Region: 
        It consists of three sub zones
        1- Jammu and Kashmir
        2- Himachal Pradesh
        3- Uttarpradesh Hills
  •  Himalaya Region consists of skeletal soils of cold region , mountain meadow soils ,podsolic soils and hilly brown soils .
  • They have steep slopes , undulating terrain,silty loam type soil .This region is more prone to erosion hazards and slips and slides .
  • Crops like rice , maize , millets , wheat and barley are grown here but productivity level is lower than that of the all Indian average . Highest area under forest is fo
  • nd in this region .
2. Eastern Himalayan Region:
  •  This region have high rainfall and high forest cover . 
  •  Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Darjeeling hills , Meghalaya , Manipur , Tripura ,Mizoram ,Assam , Jalpaiguri and coochbehar districts of West Bengal are under this region .
  • Jhum or Shifting cultivation is practiced in nearly one hird of the cultivated area which leads to heavy runoff ,soil erosion and floods in lower reaches and basins .
3 .Lower Gangetic Plains: 
  • It consists of four sub regions.
  • 12% of country's rice production accounted from this region .
  • Jute , mustard ,Rabi maize , Seamum and potato are new emerging crops of this region .
4. Middle  Gangetic Plains:

  • Under this zone there are 27 districts of Bihar and 12 districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh .
  • According to soil heterogeneity ,land use , topography and climatic factors eastern Uttar Pradesh is further divided into nine regions .
  • Rice is the principal crop but it's productivity is low due to salt affected ( usar ) lands and zinc deficiency .


5. Upper Gangetic Plains:

  • The upper Gangetic Plains consists of 32 districts  which are divided into three sub zones of  Central , North West and south west U.P. 
  • The cropping intensity of this area is 144%
6. Trans Gangetic Plains :

  • Punjab , Haryana , Union territories of Delhi and Chandigarh and Sriganganagar district of Rajasthan  comes under this  zone.
  • Major features of this area are : highest irrigated area, highest net sown area , least poverty level  , high ground water utilisation and high cropping intensity (170%) .

7. Eastern Plateau and Hills : 
  • This region consists of following sub regions-
  1.   Sub- regions of  Wainganga , Madhya Pradesh  eastern hills ,inlands of Odisha .
  2. Odisha Northern and M.P. Eastern Hills and Plateau .
  3.  Chotanagpur North and Eastern Hills and Plateau.
  4. Chotanagpur South and West Bengal Hills and Plateau .
  5. Chhatisgarh and South Western Odisha  hills .
  • Topography of this region is undulating with a slope of 1 to 10%  and rainfall is nearly 1300 mm.
  • Most Soils are acidic , in kharif 82% of area is under rice cultivation .
8. Central Plateau and Hills :
  • This zone consists of  Uttar Pradesh , Rajasthan and 46 districts of Madhya Pradesh .
  •  Per capita land availability is very high (0.446 ha ).

9. Western Plateau and Hills :

  • This zone is divided into four sub zones , and comprises of parts of Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh and one district of Rajasthan .
  • This area is best known for good quality oranges ,grapes and bananas .
10. Southern Plateau and Hills : 
  • The southern Plateau and Hills comprises of Parts of Andhra Pradesh,Karnataka and Tamilnadu . These areas are typically semi -arid zones .
11. East Coast Plains and Hills :
  • This zone consists of six sub-zones 
  1. Odisha coastal
  2. North coastal Andhra and Ganjam
  3. South coastal Andhra 
  4. North coastal Tamilnadu
  5. Thanjavur
  6. South coastal Tamilnadu
  • This area lacks irrigation facilities .
  • Rice and groundnut are important crops .
  • This zone have 2000km of coastline and many inland waterways .
12. West Coast Plains and Ghats : 
  •  This is an important zone for plantation crops ,spices and fisheries  which covers  parts of Tamilnadu ,Kerala , Karanatak , Maharashtra and Goa .
  • Cropping intensity 124%.
13. Gujarat Plains and Hills: 
  • This zone is divided into seven sub- zones  consistin of 19 districts of Gujarat.
  • The cropping intensity is 114% and 60% of the zone is under drought prone area .
14. Western Dry Region :
  •  This zone is characterized by erratic rainfall , hot sandy desert ,high evaporation , scanty vegetation and no perennial rivers .
  • Nine districts of Rajasthan comes under this zone 
  • Famine and drought prone area due to less rainfall ( avg - 395mm) , cropping intensity 105%.
15. Islands Regions : 
  •  This zone consists of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Island territories .
  • The smallest zone with high literacy rate .
  • Rainfall is around 3000mm .


Ref - Agro-Climatic Regional Planning in India .Vol. I(concepts and applications)







Comments

  1. My silentscribblesMay 27, 2020 at 6:04 AM

    Keep writing such helpful and adaptable topics👌👌👌

    ReplyDelete

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